Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese – Verbos em Português do Brasil
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| Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese
–
Verbos em Português do Brasil
|
falar
to speak
| pronouns
| | eu
| | você, ele, ela
| | nós
| | vocês, eles, elas
| |
Present
falo
I speak
| ar
| er
| ir
| | o
| | a
| e
| e
| | _mos
| | am
| em
| em
| |
Past
falei
I spoke
| ar
| er
| ir
| | ei
| i
| i
| | ou
| eu
| iu
| | _mos
| | _ram
| |
Imperfect
falava
I used to speak
I would speak *1
I was speaking
I spoke
| ar
| er
| ir
| | ava
| ia
| | ava
| ia
| | ávamos
| íamos
| | avam
| iam
| |
Conditional
falaria
I would speak
*2
| ar
| er
| ir
| | ia
| | ia
| | íamos
| | iam
| |
Future
falarei
I will speak
*3
| ar
| er
| ir
| | ei
| | á
| | emos
| | ão
| |
Present/Past
Participles
estou falando
I am speaking
tenho falado
I have spoken
| ar
| er
| ir
| |
| | _ndo
| | ado
| ido
| |
| |
|
| use the above with verb
stem + ending,
(where the underscore is
a, e, or i)
| infinitive + ending
| stem + ending
|
|
| A sample regular verb
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falei
falou
falamos
falaram
| |
falava
falava
falávamos
falavam
| |
falaria
falaria
falaríamos
falariam
| |
falarei
falará
falaremos
falarão
| |
falando
am speaking
falado
have spoken
| |
|
| The commonest irregular verbs
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dando
am giving
dado
have given
| |
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disse
disse
dissemos
disseram
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dizendo
am saying
dito
have said
| |
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estive
esteve
estivemos
estiveram
| |
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estando
am being
estado
have been
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fazendo
am making
feito
have made
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indo
am going
ido
have gone
| |
poder
can / be able to
*5
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pude
pôde
pudemos
puderam
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podendo
am being able
podido
have been able
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punha
punha
púnhamos
punham
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pondo
am putting
posto
have put
| |
|
quero
quer
queremos
querem
| |
quis
quis
quisemos
quiseram
| |
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querendo
am wanting
querido
have wanted
| |
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soube
soube
soubemos
souberam
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sabendo
am knowing
sabido
have known
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sendo
am being
sido
have been
| |
ter
to have
similar: manter
similar: deter
| |
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tive
teve
tivemos
tiveram
| |
tinha
tinha
tínhamos
tinham
| |
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tendo
am having
tido
have had
| |
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trago
traz
trazemos
trazem
| |
trouxe
trouxe
trouxemos
trouxeram
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trazendo
am bringing
trazido
have brought
| |
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vendo
am seeing
visto
have seen
| |
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vinha
vinha
vínhamos
vinham
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vindo
am coming
vindo
have come
| |
*7
falar
to speak
| pronouns
| | eu
| | você, ele, ela
| | nós
| | vocês, eles, elas
| |
Present
Subjunctive
from: eu falo
drop the o
result: eu fale
| ar
| er
| ir
| | e
| a
| | e
| a
| | emos
| amos
| | em
| am
| |
Imperfect
Subjunctive
eles falaram
drop the ram
eu falasse
| ar
| er
| ir
| | sse
| | sse
| | [áêí]ssemos
| | ssem
| |
Future
Subjunctive
eles falaram
drop the am
eu falar
| ar
| er
| ir
| |
| |
| | mos
| | em
| |
|
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|
Present
Subjunctive
Irregular
| |
|
estar
esteja
esteja
estejamos
estejam
| |
|
querer
queira
queira
queiramos
queiram
| |
saber
saiba
saiba
saibamos
saibam
| |
ser
seja
seja
sejamos
sejam
| |
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| Common ways to combine
verbs in Portuguese
|
|
| eu estou falando
| I am speaking
| also but less precisely as
eu falo
| | eu estou a falar
| I am speaking
| mostly used in Portugal;
uncommon in Brazil
| | eu estava falando
| I was speaking
| also but less precisely as
eu falava
|
|
|
| eu vou falar
| I will speak
| creates future tense;
identical to eu falarei
| | eu fui falar
| I went to speak
| just a normal combo;
does not create a new tense
|
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| eu irei ao Brasil
| I will go to Brazil
| formal future tense
| | eu vou ao Brasil
| I (go / will go) to Brazil
| tense inferred from context
| | eu vou todo ano
| I go every year
| present tense inferred
| | eu vou no proximo ano
| I will go next year
| future tense inferred
| | eu vou ir ao Brasil
| I will go to Brazil
| bad grammar but
often heard
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| eu devo falar
| I must speak
| *8, *9
| | eu deveria falar
| I should speak
|
| | eu posso falar
| I can speak; I may speak
| *10
| | eu poderia falar
| I would speak
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| eu gosto de falar
| I like to speak
| use de between gostar and the verb
| | eu gostaria de falar
| I would like to speak
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| eu preciso falar
| I need to speak
| informal
| | eu precisaria falar
| I would need to speak
| more formal
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| eu tenho que falar
| I have to speak
| que pronounced "key"
| | eu teria que falar
| I would have to speak
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- © 2014 brazilsense.com
Email: dacanada [at-sign] nym.hush.com
Version: 1.0
- How to use the chart
- The chart shows the conjugation for regular verbs in the 5 most common
tenses, the 3 subjunctive tenses (which are more advanced tenses),
the conjugations for the 14 most common irregular verbs, and
common ways of combining verbs.
- The rules for formation of verb endings in this chart give the correct
result in all cases, but be aware that the rules are usually taught in
a more complicated way in books and language classes.
- The tu and vós cases are not shown since they are almost
never used in Brazil.
- An empty box means that the verb is regular in that tense. This is not
an oversight. They are deliberately empty because it is not something
that you need to memorize. If you learn the template case, you can
deduce what should be in the box.
- A regular conjugation is shown (in italics) when it is part of a list of
irregular conjugations because it makes it easier to memorize the list;
eg., damos is regular though the rest of the verb is irregular.
- "dir__" means each conjugation begins with dir rather than
the infinitive dizer; likewise for "far__" and
"trar__".
- The conditional follows the same pattern as the er/ir endings
in the imperfect, but the ending is attached to the infinitive
instead of to the stem.
- The present participle is used with estar.
The past participle is used with ter.
- Conjugations that are identical (and therefore ambiguous unless you have
some context):
- The eu vs. the você/ele/ela case in imperfect.
- The eu vs. the você/ele/ela case in conditional.
- The nós case in present vs. past.
- All cases of ir vs. ser in past tense.
- The nós vimos in ver vs. vir.
- Footnotes
- *1: Non-conditional usage of "would", like "I would speak every day"
or "I would speak often with my friends".
- *2: Conditional usage of "would", like "I would speak if I could".
- *3: It is more common (and easier!) to use ir+verb to do the
future tense. See the the example in Common ways to combine verbs in
Portuguese.
- *4: Regarding estar:
- estive, etc. (past) are rarely used
- estando (present participle) is rarely used
- estava, etc. (imperfect) are very common and regular
- estou, está, estão, estava, estavam, & estado often shortened
to tou, tá, tão, tava, tavam, & tado
- *5: Regarding poder:
- poder and conseguir are often confused
- poder is combined with another verb to mean "can / to be able
to"
- conseguir is used similarly but has subtle distinctions
- Used by itself, conseguir means
"to get / to obtain / to succeed in"
- *6: Regarding pôr:
- punha, etc. (imperfect) are rarely used
- The following have the same irregular conjugation as pôr:
compor, impor, supor, propor, dispor, expor
- pôr and colocar both mean "to put" but
colocar is more common
- pôr and compor follow the same rules as the
-er/ir verbs for the conditional, the future,
and the three subjunctive tenses with the following exception:
In imperfect subjunctive, it is not pusêssemos
but rather puséssemos, and likewise compuséssemos, etc.
- *7: Commands, like Pare o carro! (Stop the car!), normally
use present subjunctive. Confusingly, there is also something known
as the imperative tense in Portuguese, but it has a different purpose.
That imperative tense is not shown since it is used only with the
tu and vós cases which are almost never used in Brazil.
- *8: Auxiliary verbs like must/should/can/may/would are tricky.
As in English, Portuguese auxiliary verbs are sometimes interchangeable
(Can I have a coffee? May I have a coffee?) and sometimes not
(He can climb Mount Everest. vs. He may climb Mount Everest.)
The following rule works pretty well in most cases:
- dever in present tense = must
- dever in past tense = should
- poder in present tense = can, may
- poder in past tense = would
- *9: dever by itself is "to owe"; eg., eu devo by itself
is "I owe" (not "I must").
- *10: Eu posso falar can be used in the sense of
"I can/may speak to him about the job", but not for
"I can speak Portuguese". For that, use:
Eu sei português (I know Portuguese)
-
- © 2014 brazilsense.com
Email: dacanada [at-sign] nym.hush.com
Version: 1.0